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Psicothema was founded in Asturias (northern Spain) in 1989, and is published jointly by the Psychology Faculty of the University of Oviedo and the Psychological Association of the Principality of Asturias (Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos del Principado de Asturias).
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Psicothema, 2008. Vol. Vol. 20 (nº 4). 684-690




Los riesgos maternos pre-, peri- y neonatales en una muestra de madres de hijos con trastorno generalizado del desarrollo

Santiago López Gómez, Rosa Mª Rivas Torres y Eva Mª Taboada Ares

Universidad de Santiago de Compostela

La etiología de los trastornos generalizados del desarrollo (TGD) es, en la actualidad, desconocida. Los estudios clínicos que ponen en evidencia el alto porcentaje de niños con problemas en el desarrollo, que han sufrido diversas complicaciones y riesgos perinatales, son muchos. Desde este planteamiento, el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la presencia de riesgos pre-, peri- y neonatales en una muestra de 93 madres con hijos con un TGD. El instrumento utilizado ha sido un autoinforme, estructurado a modo de cuestionario, con el que se valoraron los riesgos perinatales en una serie de dimensiones: pregestacional, perigestacional, intraparto, neonatal, psicosocial y sociodemográfica. Las diferencias significativas halladas permiten definir riesgos perinatales de diversa naturaleza que pueden condicionar y describir variaciones en los TGD. Los riesgos biológicos, sobre todo los pregestacionales, seguidos de los perigestacionales, han estado más presentes que los de tipo psicosocial o sociodemográfico. Los riesgos específicos, en distintas combinaciones, son muy notables, pero no implican una causa directa con respecto a la etiología de los TGD. No obstante, suponen una descripción de los posibles factores asociados a los mismos, así como el reconocimiento de su multicausalidad.

Pre-, peri- and neonatal maternal risks in a sample of mothers of children with a pervasive developmental disorder. Nowadays, the aetiology of pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) remains unknown. There are a large number of clinical studies that demonstrate the high percentage of children with developmental disorders that have suffered a range of complications and perinatal risks. From this point of view, the goal of the present investigation is to analyze the presence of pre-, peri- and neonatal risks in a sample of 93 mothers of children with PDD. A self-report, structured as a questionnaire, has been the tool of choice and was employed to evaluate the perinatal risks in a series of dimensions: pregestational, perigestational, intra-childbirth, neonatal, psychosocial and sociodemographic. The significant differences that were found allow defining perinatal risks of diverse nature that can determine and describe variations in PDD. Biological risks, especially pregestational followed by perigestational ones, were more present than those of psychosocial and sociodemographic nature. The specific risks, in different combinations, are noteworthy, but they do not entail a direct cause with regard to the aetiology of PDD. Nevertheless, they represent a description of potential risks associated with them, and the recognition of their multicausality as well.

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