INFORMATION

Psicothema was founded in Asturias (northern Spain) in 1989, and is published jointly by the Psychology Faculty of the University of Oviedo and the Psychological Association of the Principality of Asturias (Colegio Oficial de Psicología del Principado de Asturias).
We currently publish four issues per year, which accounts for some 100 articles annually. We admit work from both the basic and applied research fields, and from all areas of Psychology, all manuscripts being anonymously reviewed prior to publication.

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  • Director: Laura E. Gómez Sánchez
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The Illness Management and Recovery (IMR) Scale: A Network Analysis of User and Professional Perspectives

Nuria Martín-Ordiales1, Albert Sesé2, Mª Pilar Martín-Chaparro1, Maite Barrios3, Mª Dolores Hidalgo Montesinos1


1 University of Murcia (Spain)
2 University of the Balearic Islands (Spain)
3 University of Barcelona (Spain)

Abstract: Background: Recovery is a multidimensional, subjective process that emphasizes personal strategies and empowerment beyond symptom remission. The Illness Management and Recovery (IMR) scale incorporates the perspectives of both users and professionals, although its internal structure has had only limited examination through advanced psychometric methods. Network analysis was applied to the IMR scale with the aims of (1) exploring interrelationships among items, (2) assessing network stability, and (3) analyzing measurement invariance between users and professionals. Method: Data were collected from 172 users and 49 mental health professionals using the IMR scale. Network analysis used the Triangulated Maximally Filtered Graph (TMFG) method and the walktrap algorithm, with stability assessed through bootstrapping. Results: The analysis indicated 39 significant connections among 15 items, highlighting coping strategies as the central node, along with symptom distress, functional difficulties, and symptom recovery. Exploratory Graph Analysis identified three factors: (1) Personal Growth and Planning, (2) Social and Health Behavior Management, and (3) Symptom Management and Resilience. Conclusions: Network analysis underscores the importance of coping strategies, suggesting that interventions should focus on strengthening these skills to support recovery.


Resumen: Antecedentes: La recuperación es un proceso multidimensional y subjetivo que enfatiza las estrategias personales y el empoderamiento más allá de la remisión sintomática. La escala Illness Management and Recovery (IMR) integra las perspectivas de usuarios y profesionales, aunque su estructura interna ha sido escasamente examinada mediante métodos psicométricos avanzados. Se aplicó análisis de redes a la escala IMR con el objetivo de: (1) explorar las interrelaciones entre los ítems, (2) evaluar la estabilidad de la red y (3) analizar la invariancia de medida entre usuarios y profesionales. Método: Se recopilaron datos de 172 usuarios y 49 profesionales de salud mental aplicando la escala IMR. El análisis de redes empleó el método Triangulated Maximally Filtered Graph (TMFG) y el algoritmo walktrap, evaluándose la estabilidad mediante bootstrapping. Resultados: El análisis reveló 39 conexiones significativas entre 15 ítems, destacando las estrategias de afrontamiento como nodo central, junto con malestar sintomático, dificultades funcionales y recuperación sintomática. El Exploratory Graph Analysis identificó tres factores: (1) Crecimiento personal y planificación, (2) Gestión social y de conductas de salud, y (3) Manejo de síntomas y resiliencia. Conclusiones: El análisis de redes resalta la importancia de las estrategias de afrontamiento, sugiriendo orientar las intervenciones hacia su fortalecimiento.

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Factor Impacto JCR SSCI 2024 = 3.5 (Q1) · JIF percentile 2024 = 88.1 · JCI = 1.32 | CiteScore SCOPUS 2025 = 7.3 (Q1) · SJR 2025 = 1.075 · SNIP 2024 = 1.458