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Psicothema was founded in Asturias (northern Spain) in 1989, and is published jointly by the Psychology Faculty of the University of Oviedo and the Psychological Association of the Principality of Asturias (Colegio Oficial de Psicología del Principado de Asturias).
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Psicothema, 2008. Vol. Vol. 20 (nº 4). 697-704




Cambio de actitudes hacia la discapacidad con escolares de Primaria

Antonio León Aguado Díaz, Mª Ángeles Alcedo Rodríguez y Benito Arias Martínez*

Universidad de Oviedo y * Universidad de Valladolid

Se presentan el desarrollo y los resultados de un programa de cambio de actitudes hacia personas con discapacidad en entornos escolares, llevado a cabo con alumnos de Educación Primaria, 128 chicos, entre 8 y 10 años, asignados 76 al grupo experimental y 52 al grupo control. Para evaluar los cambios logrados y su mantenimiento temporal se ha utilizado, en medidas de pre y postratamiento y en el seguimiento de tres años, una escala tipo Likert de adjetivos referidos a distintas discapacidades. Los resultados alcanzados abogan por la eficacia del programa, ya que entre las medidas pretratamiento y las medidas postratamiento han aparecido diferencias estadísticamente significativas para estas últimas a favor del grupo experimental. También se consigue el mantenimiento temporal de estos cambios en el seguimiento posterior llevado a cabo a los tres años de haber finalizado el tratamiento. Asimismo, se ha procedido al contraste entre determinadas variables consideradas como determinantes de las actitudes hacia la discapacidad, como el género, edad, conocimiento y experiencia en el tema de la discapacidad, la integración de niños con discapacidad en el centro y en el aula y el tipo de discapacidad, con el fin de comprobar su influencia en dichas actitudes.

Change of attitudes towards disability in primary school students. In this paper, the development and results of a program are presented, carried out with students in 3rd and 4th grade of primary school, 128 children aged from 8 y 10 years old, 75 assigned to the experimental group and 53 to the control group. In order to assess the changes achieved and whether they were maintained, a pre- and post-treatment Likert-scale of adjectives describing discapacities and a 3-year follow-up measure were applied. As in the previous applications of the program, the results suggest the efficacy of the program, that is, positive changes were achieved in the rating of terms related to disability as well as in the attitudes towards disabled people and these changes were maintained throughout the follow-up. In order to test their influence on attitudes, some variables considered determinants of attitudes toward disability were also contrasted, such as gender, age, acquaintance and experience with the topic of disability, disabled children’s integration, and disability type.

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