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Psicothema was founded in Asturias (northern Spain) in 1989, and is published jointly by the Psychology Faculty of the University of Oviedo and the Psychological Association of the Principality of Asturias (Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos del Principado de Asturias).
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Psicothema, 2011. Vol. Vol. 23 (nº 4). 617-623




Antecedentes y consecuencias del acoso psicológico en el trabajo

Noelia Carretero Domínguez1, Pedro Rafael Gil-Monte1 y Juan Vicente Luciano Devis2,3

1 Universidad de Valencia,
2 Red de Investigación en Actividades Preventivas y Promoción de la Salud (RedIAPP)y
3 Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu

Los estudios sobre antecedentes y consecuencias del mobbing han empleado mayoritariamente diseños transversales, lo cual impide determinar la causalidad de las relaciones. En este trabajo se analizó, mediante modelos de ecuaciones estructurales, la relación entre el mobbing y algunas variables consideradas antecedentes (conflictos interpersonales, conflicto de rol, ambigüedad de rol y apoyo social) o consecuencias (problemas de salud e inclinación al absentismo) del fenómeno. Estudio multicéntrico y longitudinal con dos etapas. 696 trabajadores distribuidos en 66 centros de asistencia a la discapacidad participaron en el estudio. El mobbing se evaluó mediante el cuestionario «Mobbing-UNIPSICO» y el resto de variables mediante escalas de frecuencia. Los modelos tranversales indicaron una relación significativa entre el conflicto de rol, el apoyo social y el mobbing en los dos momentos temporales del estudio. A nivel longitudinal, solo el apoyo social mostró ser un predictor significativo del mobbing, mientras que éste a su vez predecía a nivel tranversal y longitudinal los problemas de salud. Los resultados de este trabajo demuestran el efecto mediador del mobbing entre ciertas condiciones laborales y los problemas de salud, siendo recomendable replicar estos hallazgos en una muestra multiocupacional.

Antecedents and consequences of workplace bullying: a longitudinal analysis with a structural equation model. Most studies focusing on the antecedents and consequences of workplace bullying have used a cross-sectional design, which impedes determining the causality of the relationships. In the present work, we analyzed, by means of structural equation models, the relationship between workplace bullying and some variables that are considered antecedents (interpersonal conflicts, role ambiguity, role conflict, and workplace social support) or consequences (health complaints and inclination to absenteeism from work) of this phenomenon. Multicenter study with two phases. The sample consisted of 696 employees from 66 centers. Workplace bullying was assessed by means of the «Mobbing-UNIPSICO» questionnaire, and the other variables with frequency scales. The cross-sectional models indicated a significant association between role conflict, workplace social support, and workplace bullying in both study periods. Concerning the longitudinal relationships, only workplace social support was a significant predictor of workplace bullying, which, in turn, was a cross-sectional and longitudinal predictor of workers’ health complaints. Our results show the mediating effect of workplace bullying between certain work conditions and health complaints, and it is recommendable to replicate these findings in a multi-occupational sample.

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