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Psicothema was founded in Asturias (northern Spain) in 1989, and is published jointly by the Psychology Faculty of the University of Oviedo and the Psychological Association of the Principality of Asturias (Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos del Principado de Asturias).
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Psicothema, 2011. Vol. Vol. 23 (nº 4). 624-629




Prevalencia y aspectos diferenciales relativos al género del fenómeno bullying en países pobres

Eva M. Romera Félix, Rosario Del Rey Alamillo y Rosario Ortega Ruiz

Universidad de Córdoba

Existe un importante cuerpo de conocimiento científico sobre violencia escolar y bullying en Europa y en otras regiones del llamado mundo desarrollado. Sin embargo, este avance es más escaso en regiones pobres o en vías de desarrollo, como es el caso de Latinoamérica y concretamente de Nicaragua. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo conocer la prevalencia del fenómeno bullying en escuelas de Primaria de Nicaragua, analizar las posibles relaciones entre las distintas formas de violencia utilizadas por los escolares y explorar las posibles similitudes o diferencias entre chicos y chicas en ambos aspectos. Para ello, se ha encuestado a 3.042 escolares de Primaria (50,3% niñas) mediante el Cuestionario sobre Convivencia, Violencia y Experiencias de Riesgo-COVER. Entre los resultados se encuentra un nivel de implicación en bullying considerablemente más elevado que en los países ricos, que los chicos están más implicados que las chicas en bullying verbal, físico y psicológico, y que no existen diferencias respecto a la exclusión social. Se discuten los resultados comparándolos con estudios realizados en distintos países y con metodologías similares.

Prevalence and differentiating aspects related to gender with regard to the bullying phenomenon in poor countries. There is a large body of scientific knowledge about school violence and bullying in Europe and some other regions of the so-called developed world. However, improvement is scarce in poor and developing regions, as in the case of Latin America and, in particular, Nicaragua. The goal of this work was to determine the prevalence of the bullying phenomenon in Nicaraguan primary schools, to analyze the eventual relationships between the different forms of violence used by the students and to explore, in relation to these aspects, the similarities and differences between boys and girls. For this purpose, we surveyed 3042 pupils of primary school (50.3% girls) using the «Cuestionario sobre Convivencia, Violencia y Experiencias de Riesgo» (COVER, in English, Questionnaire about Living Together, Violence and Risk Experiences). We found that the level of involvement in bullying is significantly higher than in developed countries, that boys are more involved than girls in verbal, physical and psychological bullying, and that there are no differences with regard to social exclusion. The results are discussed, comparing them with studies conducted in different countries but with similar methodologies.

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